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WAEC Health Science Questions and Answers 2023
What is Orthodox medicine?
(1a)
Orthodox medicine refers to the use of pharmaceutical drugs, surgical procedures, and other interventions to manage various health conditions.
Q1b. List two levels of disease prevention
(1b)
(PICK ANY TWO ONLY)
(i) Primordial prevention
(ii) Primary prevention
(iii) Secondary prevention
(iv) Tertiary prevention
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Q2. What is population dynamics
(2a)
Popular dynamics refers to the collective behavior, trends, and movements within a society or culture that gain widespread popularity and influence.
Q2b. List five factors that affect population dynamics
(PICK ANY FIVE ONLY)
(i) Birth rate
(ii) Death rate
(iii) Migration
(iv) Age Structure
(v) Life Expectancy
(vi) Fertility Rate
(vii) Economic Conditions.
Q4a. What is School Health Programme?
(4a)
A school health programme is a collaborative effort of the school administration, health professionals, educators, students, parents, and the community.This program focuses on promoting healthy lifestyles and creating a safe and supportive environment for students to learn and grow.
Q4b. Mention Three Components of School Health Programme
[PICK ANY THREE]
(i) Health Education: This includes teaching students about healthy behaviors, such as healthy eating, physical activity, and stress management.
(ii) Physical Education: This provides opportunities for students to engage in physical activity and develop lifelong habits of regular exercise.
(iii) Health Services: This includes access to school nurses, health screenings, and referrals to healthcare professionals as needed.
(iv) Mental Health Services: These services support students in dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, and other mental health concerns.
(v) Nutrition Services: This includes providing healthy meals and snacks, nutrition education, and support for students with special dietary needs.
(vi) Healthy School Environment: This includes strategies for creating a safe and supportive school culture, addressing bullying and violence, and promoting positive relationships.
(vii) Parent and Community Involvement: This involves engaging families and community organizations in promoting student health and well-being.
(viii) Staff Wellness: This includes promoting the health and well-being of school staff members through wellness programs and resources.
(ix) Health Promotion for Staff: This involves providing staff with resources to help them lead healthy lives and model healthy behaviors.
(x) Crisis Management: This includes developing plans and resources to address emergencies, such as natural disasters, health emergencies, or school violence.
Q5a. State three types of fundamental body postures
(5a)
[PICK ANY THREE]
(i) Standing posture – proper balance and alignment of the musculoskeletal system while standing
(ii) Sitting posture – maintaining an upright position with the back and shoulders straight while sitting
(iii) Lying posture – maintaining a proper alignment of the body while lying down, such as sleeping on the back or the side
(iv) Kneelingposture – placing one or both knees on the ground while keeping the back straight
(v) Squatting posture – bending at the knees and hips while keeping the back straight to maintain balance while squatting
(vi) Walking posture – maintaining an upright posture while walking, with the shoulders relaxed and the arms moving naturally
Q5b. Mention three preventive measures of postural defects
(5b)
[PICK ANY THREE]
(i) Maintaining good posture – be mindful of your posture while standing, sitting, and walking
(ii) Ergonomic workstations – make sure your workstation is set up in a way that allows you to maintain a proper posture while working
(iii) Regular exercise – exercising regularly can help strengthen the muscles that support good posture
(iv) Using supportive footwear – wearing shoes that provide adequate support for the feet and legs can help prevent postural defects
(v) Taking breaks – if you have to sit or stand for long periods of time, take breaks to stretch and move around to prevent muscle fatigue and stiffness.
*HEALTH SCIENCE*
*NUMBER SIX*
(6i)
Antenatal refers to the period of time before the birth of a baby. It involves the medical care that a mother receives during pregnancy to ensure the health of both the mother and baby. Antenatal care typically includes prenatal check-ups, ultrasound scans, blood tests, and education on healthy pregnancy habits such as proper nutrition and exercise.
(6ii)
Artificial insemination is a fertility treatment in which sperm is artificially introduced into a woman’s reproductive system to fertilize an egg. This procedure is typically used when a couple experiences fertility challenges or when a single person desires to have a child without a partner.
SECTION B
(7a)
(COMPLETE THE TABLE)
=ENDOCRINE=
(i) They do not have ducts
(ii) They secrete into the blood
(iii) The secretion contains hormones
=EXOCRINE GLAND=
(i) They have ducts
(ii) They secrete into the ducts
(iii) The secretion is enzymatic
(7b)
(COMPLETE THE TABLE)
=ENDOCRINE GLAND=
-EXAMPLES-
(i) Pituitary Gland
(ii) Thyroid Gland
-ONE SECRETION OF EACH GLAND=
(i) Growth Hormone
(ii) Thyroxine
=EXOCRINE GLAND=
-EXAMPLES-
(i) Salivary Glands
(ii) Sebaceous Glands
-ONE SECRETION OF EACH GLAND=
(i) Amylase
(ii) Sebum
(7c)
(i) Sensory Neurons
(ii) Motor Neurons
(iii) Interneurons
(7d)
(i) Blinking of eyes
(ii) Sneezing
(iii) Yawning.
(9a)
[PICK ANY THREE]
(i) Electrical hazards
(ii) Mechanical hazards
(iii) Chemical hazards
(iv) Ergonomic hazards
(v) Fire hazards
(9b)
[PICK ANY FOUR]
(i) Safety goggles to protect the eyes
(ii) Earplugs or earmuffs to protect the ears
(iii) Steel-toed boots to protect the feet
(iv):Hard hat to protect the head
(v) Gloves to protect the hands
(9c)
(i) Regular safety training and reminding the operator of the hazards
(ii) Providing incentives for following safety rules
(iii) Disciplinary actions may be taken if safety rules are repeatedly disregarded
(9d)
[PICK ANY THREE]
(i) Eyes
(ii) Ears
(iii) Hands
(iv) Feet
(v) Head/brain
(9ei)
[PICK ANY THREE]
(i) Burns
(ii) Cuts and lacerations
(iii) Fractures
(iv) Electrocution.
(9eii)
[PICK ANY THREE]
(i) Greater awareness of workplace safety
(ii) Improved employee health
(iii) Cost savings for employers
(iv) Employees engagement
(v) Improved job performance