WAEC Geography 2023 Questions And Answers Expo

WAEC Geography 2023 Questions And Answers

The West African Examination Council (WAEC) Has Scheduled The Waec Geography 2023 Questions and Answers Paper To Kick Of Today 2nd June, 2023.

This brings the attention of candidates writing the exam in to searching for Waec Geography 2023 Questions And Answers, WAEC geography Expo 2023, waec geography questions and answers 2023, Geography Expo Waec 2023 and etc.

How to Get Waec Geography 2023 Questions And Answers

In this section, you will read the steps and requirements needed for you to get Waec Geography 2023 Questions And Answers before exam.

WAEC Geography 2023 Paper is Categorized in to 3 parts:

WAEC Geography Essay 2023
WAEC Geography Objective 2023
WAEC Geography paper 3 2023 Practical and Physical

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WAEC Geography Expo 2023

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WAEC Geography Answers 2023

SECTION A

(1a)
[PICK ANY FIVE]
(i) Lack of access to finance: Many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries struggle to access finance due to limited financial infrastructure, restrictive lending policies, and high-interest rates.

(ii) Poor infrastructure: Developing countries often lack adequate infrastructure, such as reliable power, transportation, and communication systems, which can hinder the growth of industries.

(iii) Limited access to technology: Many developing countries have limited access to technology and knowledge, which can make it difficult for industries to adopt more advanced production methods and improve efficiency.

(iv) Inadequate policy and legal frameworks: Developing countries often lack policies and legal frameworks that support the growth of industries and protect businesses from external factors such as corruption and unfair competition.

(v) Limited human resources: Developing countries often face a shortage of skilled and educated workers, which can limit the growth and productivity of industrial sectors.

(iv) Political instability: Ongoing political conflict, social unrest, and unstable governance can create uncertainty and discourage foreign investment, which can hinder the growth of industrial sectors.

(1b)
[PICK ANY FIVE]
(i) Access to finance: Improved access to finance through microfinance institutions, government loan programs, and foreign investment can provide capital for industries to expand and invest in new technologies and equipment.

(ii) Infrastructure development: Investment in infrastructure such as transportation networks, power generation, and communication systems can provide the necessary foundations for industrial growth.

(iii) Technology transfer: International partnerships and knowledge-sharing programs can facilitate the transfer of technology and expertise to support local industries.

(iv) Favorable policy and legal frameworks: The development of favorable policies and legal frameworks that promote competition, provide incentives for investment, and protect businesses can create an enabling environment for industrial growth.

(v) Education and training: Investment in education and training programs can improve human capital and develop a skilled workforce that supports the growth and productivity of industrial sectors.

(vi) Political stability and security: Improved political stability and security can reduce uncertainty and create a favorable climate for foreign investment and industrial growth.

(2a)
[PICK ANY FIVE]
(i) Sparse population density: rural areas in tropical Africa typically have a low population density compared to urban areas.
(ii) Agriculture-based economy: most rural settlements in tropical Africa are engaged in agricultural activities such as crop cultivation and livestock farming.
(iii) Subsistence farming: rural communities in tropical Africa typically engage in subsistence farming, where they produce only enough food to meet their daily needs.
(iv) Traditional housing: rural dwellings in tropical Africa are typically made from locally sourced materials such as mud, thatch, and wood.
(v) Limited access to modern amenities: rural areas often lack access to modern amenities such as clean water, electricity, and healthcare facilities.
(vi) Strong communal bonds: rural communities in tropical Africa tend to have strong communal bonds with shared goals and values.

(2b)
[PICK ANY FIVE]
(i) Marketing and distribution of agricultural products from rural areas to urban areas
(ii) Provision of services such as healthcare, education, and financial services by urban centers
(iii) Supply of manufactured goods and consumer products to rural areas
(iv) Migration from rural areas to urban centers in search of better economic opportunities and education
(v) Investment by urban businesses in rural areas, particularly in agriculture
(vi) Policy decisions made by urban governments that affect rural areas, such as land use policies and infrastructure development.

(3a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Efficient Movement of Goods: Rail transportation allows for the efficient movement of goods across long distances. It can accommodate large quantities of cargo, making it an ideal mode of transport for industries such as agriculture, mining, and manufacturing in tropical Africa. This efficiency helps stimulate trade and economic growth.

(ii) Reduced Congestion: Compared to road transportation, rail systems help alleviate congestion on major highways. By diverting a significant portion of freight traffic to rail, the congestion on roads is reduced, resulting in smoother traffic flow, decreased travel times, and improved road safety.

(iii) Lower Environmental Impact: Rail transportation is more environmentally friendly compared to road transport. Trains emit less carbon dioxide per ton of freight compared to trucks, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. This advantage is crucial for tropical Africa’s sustainability efforts and can contribute to mitigating climate change impacts.

(iv) Enhanced Connectivity: Rail networks provide enhanced connectivity by linking remote areas and cities, facilitating economic integration and regional development. They enable access to markets, resources, and employment opportunities, boosting trade, tourism, and economic activities across tropical Africa.

(v) Increased Accessibility: Rail systems provide reliable and accessible transportation for both passengers and goods. They offer a cost-effective means of travel, making it easier for people to commute between cities and towns, visit tourist destinations, and access essential services such as healthcare and education. This accessibility helps bridge the gap between rural and urban areas.

(vi) Job Creation: Developing rail infrastructure in tropical Africa generates employment opportunities in various sectors. From construction and maintenance to operation and management, rail projects create jobs for engineers, technicians, drivers, station staff, and support personnel. This job creation contributes to economic development and poverty reduction.

(vii) Long-term Cost Savings: While initial investments in rail infrastructure may be significant, in the long run, rail transport can be cost-effective. Railways have lower operating costs compared to road transport due to lower fuel consumption, reduced vehicle maintenance, and decreased road damage. These cost savings can be beneficial for both businesses and governments.

(3b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Insufficient Infrastructure: Many countries in tropical Africa have outdated and inadequate rail infrastructure. The existing rail networks often suffer from poor maintenance, outdated technology, and insufficient capacity. This results in slower speeds, frequent breakdowns, and limited connectivity, hindering the smooth movement of goods and passengers.

(ii) Funding Constraints: Lack of adequate funding is a major challenge for rail projects in tropical Africa. Limited financial resources lead to delays in infrastructure upgrades, repairs, and expansion, hampering the overall efficiency of rail transportation.

(iii) Inadequate Maintenance: Due to financial constraints and lack of technical expertise, rail infrastructure in tropical Africa often suffers from inadequate maintenance. This results in deteriorating tracks, bridges, and signaling systems, leading to frequent disruptions, delays, and safety concerns.

(iv) Lack of Interconnectivity: Many rail networks in tropical Africa suffer from a lack of interconnectivity, limiting their reach and effectiveness. Incomplete or fragmented rail systems make it challenging to transport goods seamlessly across different regions, hindering economic integration and trade.

(v) Inefficient Operations: Inefficient operations and management practices contribute to the problems facing rail transportation in tropical Africa. Factors such as outdated technology, inadequate training of staff, and suboptimal scheduling and coordination lead to delays, inefficiencies, and reduced service quality.

(vi) Insecurity: Rail transportation in tropical Africa often faces security challenges such as vandalism, theft, and sabotage. These incidents not only disrupt operations but also pose risks to the safety of passengers and cargo.

(3c)
(PICK ANY THREE, MAKE SURE IT IS SAME WITH WHAT YOU PICKED IN 3b)
(i) Insufficient Infrastructure: Increased investment in rail infrastructure by seeking partnerships with international organizations, private sector entities, and foreign investors can provide the necessary funding for infrastructure upgrades, expansion, and modernization, thereby improving the capacity and quality of rail networks.
(ii) Funding Constraints: Governments can offer incentives and create a conducive business environment to encourage private sector participation.
(iii) Inadequate Maintenance: Government should establish a dedicated maintenance fund for rail infrastructure, ensuring a regular and sufficient budget allocation for maintenance activities and also train and employ skilled maintenance personnel.
(iv) Lack of Interconnectivity: Improved coordination and planning are required to enhance interconnectivity between different rail lines and modes of transport.
(v) Inefficient Operations: Implementing modern management practices, training programs, and technological upgrades can address these issues.
(vi) Insecurity: Strengthening security measures, implementing surveillance systems, and increasing law enforcement presence can help mitigate these risks.

(4a)
Internal trade refers to the buying and selling of goods and services within the geographical boundaries of a country. It involves the exchange of goods and services between different regions, states or cities within the country.

(4b)
[PICK ANY FIVE]
(i) Poor infrastructure: Nigeria’s poor road network, insufficient transport systems, and inadequate storage facilities make it difficult to move goods from one location to another, resulting in delays, high transportation costs, and damage to goods.

(ii) Regulatory challenges: The lack of a transparent and consistent regulatory framework for internal trade in Nigeria has led to a proliferation of informal markets and smuggling. This results in unfair competition for formal businesses, loss of government revenue, and reduced consumer protection.

(iii) Multiple taxation: The multiplicity of taxes imposed on traders, including local government levies, state taxes, and federal duties, makes trading in Nigeria very expensive, reducing profitability for traders.

(iv) Inadequate access to credit: Many traders in Nigeria do not have access to affordable credit, making it difficult for them to expand their businesses, meet their financial obligations, and access new markets.

(v) Corruption: Bribery and extortion of traders by government officials, security forces, and market leaders have been a persistent problem in Nigeria, discouraging many from engaging in formal internal trade.

(vi) Insecurity: Insurgency, banditry, and other forms of violence in different parts of Nigeria have adversely affected internal trade, discouraging traders from entering certain regions, causing loss of life and property, and disrupting supply chains.

(4c)
(i) Economic growth: Internal trade drives economic growth by promoting the exchange of goods and services between regions, stimulating competition, encouraging innovation, and creating jobs.

(ii) Poverty reduction: Internal trade provides income and employment opportunities for many Nigerians, particularly those in the informal sector, helping to reduce poverty in the country.

(iii) Regional integration: Internal trade promotes regional integration by encouraging the exchange of goods and services between different regions, enhancing economic cooperation and social cohesion.

(iv) Enhanced food security: Internal trade promotes access to food in different regions, ensuring that people have enough food to eat, no matter where they live. This is particularly important in times of food shortages or when certain foods are unavailable in a particular region.

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